المسرح في التربية الحديثة

 

يعتبر مسرح الطفل من اهم الوسائل التي تعتمد عليها التربية الحديثة في تطوير وتنمية العديد من المهارات والقدرات لدى الأطفال والتي يصعب تحقيقها عن طرق وسائل خرى منها القدرات اللغوية ، زرع روح المبادرة ، تعزيز الثقة بالنفس ، تطوير المهارات الحسية والحركية وغيرها.

ولكون المسرح يتيح للطفل المشاركة بل يعتبر المنشط الرئيسي في القيام بالأدوار الموكلة له والتي تتناسب وميولاته وقدراته أو إعطائه الدور الذي يمكن ان يعالج او يقلل من اضطراب معين لديه، فان ذلك يفتح المجال واسعا ويمنحه فرصا اكبر للوقوف على القدرات والصعوبات وبالتالي يحاول جاهدا ان يقوم بالتصحيح الذاتي للصعوبات ويحتفظ بالقدرات المكتسبة. ويمكن ان نحصر فوائد المسرح لدى الطفل في المحاور التالية

الفائدة العقلية

يلعب مسرح الطقل دورا هاما في تنمية وتطوير وظائفه العقلية العليا (الذكاء ،التصور،التذكر) فالوضعيات التي يجد الطفل نفسه فيها والتي يتطلبها عرض مسرحي تفرض عليه توظيف ذكائه حتى يقدم دورا ناجحا يتقيد فيه بتوجيهات وارشادات المربي والشروط الموضوعية للنص المسرحي ، كما ان المسرح يمكن ان يطور قدرات التصور والخيال لدى الطفل حسب الموضوع الذي يتناوله النص المسرحي وخاصة اذا تناول الشخصيات الخرافية والاسطورية حيث تدفع بالطفل الى الاجتهاد حتى يقلد الايماءات والحركات والكلمات لكي يكون اقرب لتقمص الشخصية الخيالية الموكلة اليه. كما ان المسرح يضع الطفل في وضعيات تجعله يجتهد ويوظف إمكاناته لكي يتمكن من تثبيت واسترجاع الحركات ،الكلمات،الايماءات ...وغيرها والتي تساعده في أداء الدور المسرحي المنوط به بكفاءة وبشكل صحيح.

الفائدة النفسية

للمسرح قدرة هائلة على علاج الاضطرابات النفسية المختلفة والتي يعاني منها بعض الأطفال ، ان المواقف التي يضعها المسرح في الطفل تجعله اكثر ثقة في النفس من خلال نجاحه في أداء الدور المنوط به كما يساعده في تخطي بعض المشكلات اللغوية من خلال القدرة على تصحيح الكلمات والجمل ونطقها بالشكل الصحيح ، بالإضافة الى التحلي بروح المبادرة والايداع والاقدام بدل الخوف والتردد والاحجام. ان المسرح يساعد الطفل على الاندماج في المجتمع من خلال التعود على لعب الأدوار الجماعية والتعاون والتنسيق مع بقية الشخصيات المشاركة في المسرحية فينفتح على الاخرين ويكون علاقات اجتماعية إيجابية أساسها التفاهم والتشاور والتضامن.

الفائدة الحسية

نظرا لكون حواس الطفل في مراحل تظوره ونموها فان المسرح يساعد الطفل بشكل ملحوظ على تطويرها بشكل اكبر واسرع ، فالطفل يعمل كل ما بوسعه لكي يكون يقضا ومنتبها اثتاء العرض المسرحي وخاصة حاستي البصر والسمع فمن خلالهما يستطيع ان يتفاهم ويتواصل سواء مع الشخصيات المشاركة او مع الجمهور ان الذاكرة السمعية لذى الطفل تتطور بشكل احسن وادق مع مرور الوقت ، فهو ملزم بالاستماع والاصغاء لما تقوله الشخصيات المشاركة حتى يتسنى له التدخل والرد بما يتوجب عليه ، كما يلزمه تقليد الحركات والايماءات بالشكل المطلوب والدقيق وهذا لن يكون الا بتدخل الذاكرة البصرية.

الفائدة الحركية

يساهم المسرح في تنمية المهارات الحركية لدى الطفل من خلال طبيعة الأدوار والشخصيات التي يمثلها ، فاذا كان على الطفل ان يمثل دور حيوان معين فعليه ان يقلد حركات وسكنات ذلك الحيوان سواء من خلال المشي على االاطراف الأربعة او القفز أو الركض ....الخ وكل هذه السلوكيات الحركية تساعد الطفل على التحكم الجيد في حركات جسمه والقدرة على مراقبتها ، كما تسهم في تنمية وتطوير مختلف الوضعيات الحركية بداية من الحركة العامة الى حركات أطراف الجسم وللاشارة يمكن ان يستعمل المسرح في التقليل من بعض الإضرابات الحركية التي يعاني منها بعض الأطفال من خلال اختيار الموضوع المناسب ان العلوم التربوية الرائدة والحديثة تجزم بأهمية المسرح بالنسبة للطفل لما له من فوائد جمة في تنمية وتطوير العديد من المهارات والتقليل او إزالة العديد من الصعوبات والاضطرابات

وعليه بات من الضروري اتاحة الفرصة لجميع الأطفال بداية من رياض الأطفال لمماسة نشاطات مسرحية بشرط ان تكون ذات مواضيع مناسبة للمرحلة العمرية للأطفال حتى يتمكنوا من أدائها بشكل سهل وصحيح ، وكذلك تكون محبوبة ومرغوب فيها من قبل الأطفال

الأستاذ والكاتب : نورالدين بولفخاذ

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